Protecting Perennial Vegetables in December: Essential Winter Care Tips

Introduction

Perennial vegetables, such as asparagus, rhubarb, and artichokes, are a valuable addition to any garden because they come back year after year, providing delicious harvests without the need to replant. However, these plants still need care during the winter months, especially in colder climates. December is an important time to ensure your perennial vegetables are well-protected against freezing temperatures, frost, and other harsh winter conditions. Proper winter protection helps these plants survive the cold months and ensures they thrive in the spring. This guide will explain why protecting perennial vegetables is essential, how to do it, and answer common questions to help you prepare your garden for winter.

Why Protect Perennial Vegetables in December?

• Prevent cold damage: Freezing temperatures and frost can damage the crowns, roots, and buds of perennial vegetables. Protecting them during December ensures they survive the winter and regrow in spring.
• Maintain soil health: Winter protection helps maintain soil structure and prevents the soil from becoming too compacted or eroded during harsh weather.
• Boosts spring growth: Plants that are well-protected in winter have a stronger start in spring. They can focus on growth and production rather than recovering from cold damage.
• Prepares for unpredictable weather: December can bring unexpected temperature drops, snow, and ice. Taking steps to protect your plants now prevents last-minute scrambling during severe weather.

Common Types of Perennial Vegetables to Protect in December

Here are some popular perennial vegetables that benefit from winter protection:

1. Asparagus

• Description: Asparagus crowns are vulnerable to freezing temperatures. Protecting them ensures vigorous shoots in spring.

1. Rhubarb

• Description: Rhubarb can suffer from frost damage to its crowns and roots. Covering the crown with mulch helps it survive the winter.

1. Artichokes

• Description: Artichokes are sensitive to frost and require extra care in colder regions. Proper winterizing prevents the plants from dying back completely.

1. Horseradish

• Description: While hardy, horseradish benefits from mulch to prevent the soil from freezing and protect the roots.

1. Sorrel

• Description: Sorrel is a cold-hardy perennial but can still benefit from some protection to ensure it comes back strong in spring.

1. Chives

• Description: Although chives can withstand cold temperatures, a layer of mulch will help protect the roots and encourage early spring growth.

How to Effectively Protect Perennial Vegetables in December

Winterizing your perennial vegetables involves several key steps to shield them from harsh weather. Here’s how you can do it:

1. Apply a Thick Layer of Mulch

• Mulch benefits: Mulching insulates the soil, keeping it warmer and preventing temperature fluctuations that can stress plant roots. It also helps retain moisture and prevents the soil from freezing solid.
• Best materials: Use straw, shredded leaves, wood chips, or compost. Apply a 3-6 inch layer around the base of the plants, making sure to cover the crowns of plants like rhubarb and asparagus.

2. Use Row Covers or Cloches

• Row covers: Lightweight row covers can provide extra protection against frost. They trap heat, raising the temperature around the plants slightly and protecting them from freezing conditions.
• Cloches: Individual plants can be covered with cloches, which are small, bell-shaped covers that create a mini greenhouse effect. Cloches are ideal for more delicate perennials, like young artichokes.

3. Build a Windbreak

• Protect against wind: Cold, dry winds can be damaging to perennial vegetables. Building a windbreak using burlap, wooden stakes, or even a temporary fence can help shield plants from harsh winds.
• Plant strategically: If possible, plant perennials near structures or hedges that naturally block the wind. This reduces the need for artificial windbreaks.

4. Water Before a Freeze

• Hydrate plants: Well-hydrated plants are more resilient to cold weather. Watering deeply before a hard freeze can help protect roots by keeping the soil warmer.
• Avoid overwatering: Be careful not to overwater, as waterlogged soil can freeze and cause root rot. Ensure the soil is well-drained.

5. Cover Plants with Frost Blankets

• Frost protection: Frost blankets are specially designed to protect plants from frost damage. They can be laid over plants during cold spells and removed once temperatures rise.
• Easy to use: Make sure the blankets cover the entire plant and are secured to the ground to prevent cold air from seeping in.

Common Problems When Protecting Perennial Vegetables in Winter

Despite your best efforts, there can still be challenges in keeping perennial vegetables safe through winter. Here’s how to handle them:

• Mulch displacement: Wind or heavy rain can displace mulch, leaving plants exposed. Check your mulch periodically and add more if necessary.
• Over-insulating: While protection is essential, too much insulation can prevent air circulation and lead to mold or rot. Ensure row covers and cloches have proper ventilation.
• Pest issues: Mulch can sometimes attract pests like slugs and voles. If you notice pest activity, consider using organic deterrents or adjusting your mulching technique.

Benefits of Protecting Perennial Vegetables in December

• Healthier plants: Plants that survive winter without stress are healthier and more productive in the growing season.
• Better yields: Perennials that are well-cared for during winter often produce more robust and flavorful harvests in spring and summer.
• Cost-effective gardening: Protecting your perennial vegetables reduces the need to replace plants that don’t survive the winter, saving you money and effort.
• Improved soil health: Mulching and other protective measures can improve soil structure and fertility, benefiting the plants throughout the year.

Best Practices for Protecting Perennial Vegetables in December

• Choose organic, breathable materials: When using row covers or frost blankets, opt for materials that allow airflow. This prevents condensation and mold growth.
• Avoid heavy pruning: Unlike annuals, perennials should not be heavily pruned in late fall or winter, as this can expose them to more damage. Light trimming is okay, but save heavy pruning for early spring.
• Monitor weather forecasts: Keep an eye on the weather, especially if extreme cold snaps are predicted. This allows you to prepare your plants with additional protection if needed.

Common Questions and Answers About Protecting Perennial Vegetables in December

1. Is it necessary to mulch perennial vegetables in December?

• Yes, mulching provides essential insulation against cold temperatures, helping to keep the soil warm and preventing roots from freezing.

1. Can I use plastic sheeting to cover my plants in winter?

• It’s best to avoid plastic sheeting as it can trap moisture and lead to mold. Instead, use breathable materials like frost blankets or row covers that allow air circulation.

1. How much mulch should I apply around my plants?

• Apply 3-6 inches of mulch around the base of your perennial vegetables. Ensure that the crowns are covered, but be cautious not to pile mulch directly against the stems.

1. Do I need to water my perennials in winter?

• Yes, especially before a hard freeze. Ensure the soil is moist, but do not overwater. Well-hydrated plants are more resilient to cold weather.

1. What’s the best way to protect young artichokes in winter?

• Young artichokes benefit from being covered with cloches or row covers. In colder climates, you may need to mulch heavily around the base and cover the plant with straw.

1. How can I protect my plants from wind damage in winter?

• Use windbreaks, such as burlap screens or temporary fencing, to shield your perennials from harsh winds. Planting near structures that block wind can also help.

1. Can I use fallen leaves as mulch?

• Yes, fallen leaves can be used as mulch, but it’s best to shred them first. Whole leaves can mat down and block air and water from reaching the soil.

1. Is it okay to prune perennials in December?

• It’s generally better to avoid heavy pruning during winter. Lightly trim dead or diseased growth, but save significant pruning for early spring.

1. How do I know if my perennials need extra protection?

• Check the weather forecast regularly. If extremely cold temperatures or heavy snow is expected, consider adding extra mulch, row covers, or frost blankets.

1. Will perennial vegetables survive without protection in winter?
   • Some perennials may survive without extra protection, but their health and productivity may be compromised. Winterizing ensures they come back strong in the spring.