Growing Cherry Trees in Autumn: A Guide to Planting, Care, and Harvesting

Cherry trees are a delightful addition to any garden, providing beautiful spring blossoms and delicious, juicy fruits. Autumn is an ideal time to plant cherry trees, as the cool weather helps them establish strong root systems before winter. Planting in autumn allows cherry trees to settle into the ground, leading to healthier growth and improved fruit production come spring. Here’s everything you need to know about planting, caring for, and harvesting cherry trees in autumn.

Why Plant Cherry Trees in Autumn?

Autumn planting allows cherry trees to develop a robust root system in the cool, moist soil, minimizing the stress that can occur with spring or summer planting. By the time spring arrives, autumn-planted cherry trees are well-rooted and ready for a season of healthy growth. This strong root foundation improves the tree’s resilience, which leads to better flowering and fruiting.

Best Varieties of Cherry Trees for Autumn Planting

Choosing the right cherry variety depends on your climate, space, and intended use. Here are some popular types:

1. Bing: One of the most popular sweet cherry varieties, Bing cherries are large, dark red, and perfect for fresh eating. They require a pollination partner.
2. Stella: A self-fertile sweet cherry, Stella produces large, dark red cherries with a rich flavor. It’s an excellent choice for smaller spaces and doesn’t require a pollinator.
3. Montmorency: A tart cherry variety, Montmorency is widely used for baking, preserves, and juice. It’s cold-hardy and self-pollinating, making it versatile for various climates.
4. Lapins: Known as the “self-fertile Bing,” Lapins cherries are large, dark, and sweet. This tree is self-fertile, reliable, and produces high yields.
5. Rainier: A popular variety with yellow skin and a red blush, Rainier cherries are sweet and delicate. They require a pollinator and do best in regions with mild summers.

Steps for Planting Cherry Trees in Autumn

1. Choose a Sunny, Well-Drained Location
   Cherry trees require full sun to produce abundant fruit, so choose a location with at least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily. Good drainage is essential, as cherry trees are prone to root rot in overly wet soil.
2. Prepare the Soil
   Cherry trees thrive in slightly acidic to neutral soil with a pH of 6.0–7.0. Dig a hole twice as wide and as deep as the root ball, loosening the soil to encourage root growth. Mix compost or well-rotted manure into the soil to provide nutrients.
3. Plant the Tree
   Place the tree in the hole, ensuring the graft union (the swollen area near the base of the trunk) is above the soil line. Backfill with soil, gently tamping down to remove air pockets. Water thoroughly to settle the soil around the roots.
4. Mulch and Water
   Apply a 2–3 inch layer of mulch around the base of the tree, keeping it a few inches away from the trunk. Mulch helps retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, and suppress weeds. Water consistently throughout autumn to help the roots establish.

Caring for Cherry Trees Through Autumn and Winter

• Water Consistently: Water newly planted cherry trees deeply once a week during dry spells in autumn to support root development. Winter rain usually provides adequate moisture once established.
• Fertilize Lightly: Cherry trees benefit from a light application of compost or a balanced fertilizer in early autumn to support root growth. Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers.
• Protect from Frost: While cherry trees are generally frost-tolerant, young trees can benefit from trunk protection in extreme cold. Wrap the trunk in burlap or tree wrap if needed.
• Prune in Late Winter: Cherry trees benefit from pruning while dormant in late winter. Remove dead or damaged branches, thin crowded areas, and shape the tree to allow sunlight and airflow.

Harvesting Cherries

Most cherry varieties are ready to harvest in early to mid-summer, depending on the variety. Ripe cherries should be plump, firm, and full of color.

1. Check for Ripeness
   Gently pull or twist the cherry—if it comes off easily with the stem, it’s ready to pick. Sweet cherries are best when eaten fresh, while tart cherries can be used for cooking and preserving.
2. Storage Tips
   Store cherries in the refrigerator for up to a week. For longer storage, cherries can be frozen, dried, or preserved. To freeze, wash and pit the cherries, then spread them on a baking sheet before placing them in a freezer bag.

Top 10 Questions and Answers on Growing Cherry Trees in Autumn

1. When should I plant cherry trees in autumn?
Plant cherry trees in early to mid-autumn, ideally 4–6 weeks before the first frost, to allow time for root establishment.

2. Can cherry trees be grown in containers?
Yes, dwarf cherry varieties can be grown in large containers. Use a pot at least 20 inches deep with good drainage.

3. How much sun do cherry trees need?
Cherry trees need full sun, ideally 6–8 hours per day, for healthy growth and fruit production.

4. What type of soil is best for cherry trees?
Cherry trees prefer slightly acidic to neutral, well-draining soil enriched with compost or aged manure.

5. How often should I water a newly planted cherry tree?
Water deeply once a week during dry spells in autumn to support root growth. In winter, natural rainfall is usually sufficient.

6. Can cherry trees survive frost?
Yes, cherry trees are frost-tolerant, though young trees may need protection from extreme cold. Wrapping the trunk can help.

7. Do I need multiple cherry trees for fruiting?
Some cherry varieties, like Stella, are self-fertile, while others, like Bing and Rainier, need a pollination partner. Check the variety’s requirements to ensure proper fruiting.

8. How soon will my cherry tree bear fruit?
Cherry trees typically start producing fruit in 3–5 years, depending on the variety and growing conditions.

9. Should I fertilize cherry trees in autumn?
Lightly apply compost or a balanced fertilizer in early autumn to support root growth. Avoid heavy feeding with nitrogen-rich fertilizers.

10. How do I know when cherries are ready to harvest?
Cherries are ready when they are plump, firm, and easily come off the stem. Most varieties ripen in early to mid-summer.

With this guide, you’re ready to plant a healthy cherry tree in autumn, laying the foundation for beautiful blossoms in spring and a bountiful harvest of sweet, juicy cherries in summer. Enjoy the charm of a cherry tree in your garden and the reward of homegrown cherries!